Inventory Turnover

What is Inventory Turnover?

Inventory turnover is a comparison of average inventory held by an organization with the cost of goods sold. In simple words, a number of times goods sold or consumed by an organization, and the ratio is also used to calculate the estimated time period required to sale the inventory held by the organization.

Inventory Turnover Formula

It can be calculated as follows:

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For eg:
Source: Inventory Turnover (wallstreetmojo.com)

Explanation

This ratio is used by an organization to calculate the number of times it is selling goods and replace its stock during a given period of time. This ratio also helps in showing how effectively a company manages its inventory cost and how effectively its sales efforts are converted into figures. For the calculation of inventory turnover, we need to understand the following items:

Cost of Goods Sold

We use the cost of goods soldCost Of Goods SoldThe cost of goods sold (COGS) is the cumulative total of direct costs incurred for the goods or services sold, including direct expenses like raw material, direct labour cost and other direct costs. However, it excludes all the indirect expenses incurred by the company.read more from the income statement since the cost of goods sold includes purchase cost as well as the cost incurred by the organization to manage such inventory, such as storage cost, handling cost, wages, and labor charges, etc.

Average Inventory Held

We use average inventoryAverage InventoryAverage Inventory is the mean of opening and closing inventory of a particular period. It helps the management to understand the inventory that a business needs to hold during its daily course of business.read more during the period is used instead of closing inventory since there might be situations where the company had an opening stock of inventory and purchased very less quantity of goods and the year-end it had sold most of the goods and if we use closing inventory, the ratio will not be based on inventory held by the organization during the period, which will not display the actual picture of time period taken by the organization to generate such sales.

Examples of Inventory Turnover Calculation (with Excel Template)

Let’s see some simple to advanced practical examples to understand it better.

Example #1

Company STYLISH Ltd. is operating in the clothing products and income statement of last year of the company shows the following figures. You need to calculate the inventory turnover ratio.

• Opening Inventory: 24,560
• Closing Inventory: 1540
• Cost of Goods Sold: $452,700

Solution

Use below given data for the calculation.

Particulars	Amount
Opening Inventory	24,560
Closing Inventory	1540
Cost of Goods Sold	$452,700

Calculation of Average Inventory 

• =(24560+1540)/2
• Average Inventory = 13050

• =452700/13050

Inventory Turnover will be –

Example #2

Taking the concept of inventory formula ahead, we will learn to calculate inventory turnover ratio as well as the inventory holding period. Suppose Company Furniture and fixtures Pvt. Ltd. manufactures chairs and tables. Its income statement shows that it had an opening inventory of 86900, and during the period, it manufactures chair and table costing 3495000, and at the end of the period, it had 635000 as stock in hand of inventory. We need to calculate the inventory turnover ratio as per as inventory holding period.

Solution

Use below given data for the calculation.

Particulars	Amount
Opening Inventory	86900
Cost of Goods Manufactured	3495000
Closing Inventory	635000

Calculation of Cost of Goods Sold

• =86900+3495000-635000
• Cost of Goods Sold = 2946900

Calculation of Average Inventory

• =(86900+635000)/2
• Average Inventory = 360950

The calculation can be done as follows-

• = 2946900/360950

Inventory Turnover will be –

Inventory Holding Period

• = 365/ Inventory turnover Ratio
• = 365/8.16
• = 44.71 days

This means that the company roughly takes one and a half months to replace it is stock and sell its complete stock in hand.

Example #3

Taking another example to understand the benefit of using the inventory turnover ratio formula in practical life, Suppose Company Delta has an opening stock of $ 326,500 and purchased goods amounting to $ 5,284,600, and it paid direct expenses relating to goods handling are 65,300. At the end of the accounting periodThe End Of The Accounting PeriodAccounting Period refers to the period in which all financial transactions are recorded and financial statements are prepared. This might be quarterly, semi-annually, or annually, depending on the period for which you want to create the financial statements to be presented to investors so that they can track and compare the company's overall performance.read more, it had $ 765,300 as a closing inventory. We need to calculate the inventory turnover ratio formula, as well as the inventory holding period.

Solution

Use below given data for the calculation.

Particulars	Amount
Opening Inventory	86900
Cost of Goods Manufactured	3495000
Closing Inventory	635000

Calculation of Cost of Goods Sold

• =326500+5284600+65300+765300
• Cost of Goods Sold = 4911100

Calculation of Average Inventory

• =(326500+765300)/2
• Average Inventory = 545900

The calculation can be done as follows-

• =4911100/545900

Inventory Turnover will be –

Inventory Holding Period

• Inventory Holding Period = 40.57

Calculator

You can use these inventory turnover formula calculator

Relevance and Use

• It varies from industry to industry. For example, a clothing retailer company may have an inventory turnover of 5 to 8, whereas an automotive parts company may have a turnover of 45 to 50. So this shows that it is a very important tool in making strategies and achieving company objectives.
• Inventory turnover depends on purchase and sale. If a company purchase high-value items, then it has to sell to be matched with purchase; otherwise, the company has to bear storage and handling the cost of high-value inventory.
• In decision making, inventory turnover also plays a very important role, as explained below:

Higher Ratio

If the inventory turnover ratio is high, it means that the company’s product has very good demand in the market, and products are sold very quickly, which leads to less inventory maintenance costs and higher profits.

Lower Ratio

If the inventory ratio of a company is very low, it indicates that the company’s products are not often sold in the market, and inventory of the company becomes a slow-moving inventory, which leads to higher inventory costs and fewer profits.

If a company is suffering from a low inventory turnover ratio, it can adopt the following strategies to improve its inventory turnover ratio:

• Review strategies relating to the pricing of products.
• Try to improve sales by using marketing techniques.
• Analyze the fast-moving inventory and slow-moving inventory
• Improve bargain power and review the purchase price regularly
• Understand the customers’ needs and try to get an order from customers well in advance.

Recommended Articles

This article has been a guide Inventory Turnover Formula. Here we discuss the formula for calculation of inventory turnover along with practical examples and a downloadable excel template. You can learn more about financial analysis from the following articles –

• Calculate Inventory Ratio
• Average Inventory Formula
• Ending Inventory Calculation
• LIFO Inventory Method
• Return on Average Capital Employed Formula