Capital Lease Criteria

Capital lease criteria includes the following 1) the ownership of the asset gets transferred to lessee at the end of the period of lease, 2) the lessee has the option to purchase the leased asset at the price below the market price of the asset at the end of the lease period, 3) that the lease period is at least 75% of the assets economic/useful life and 4) the minimum lease payment’s present value must be at least 90% of the asset’s fair value.

Capital Lease is nothing but the right or Ownership of a leased asset is transferred to lessee and lessor only finances the leased assets.

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Source: Capital Lease Criteria (wallstreetmojo.com)

Top 4 Criteria for a Capital Lease

Capital Lease criteria are mainly of four types, and the lease agreement is valid only if it satisfies any of the four options –

#1 – Ownership

Ownership of a leased asset is transferred to the lessee at the end of the lease agreement. The lease agreement includes a provision that, in the end, the lease term leased assets title to passed to lessee.

Example

Let’s try to understand the Ownership lease through the below basic example.

Sterling Corporation signed a lease agreement for an asset for 60 Months with the useful life span of an asset is 10 years. Sterling Corporation agrees to pay lessor of an asset monthly lease payment with interest as an asset is financed by the lessor, and as per agreement Lessor is ready to transfer the legal ownership of a leased asset to the lessee at the end of the agreement.

So the above lease is classified as Capital Lease as lease agreement fulfilling the Ownership criteria.

#2 – Bargain Purchase Option (BPO)

If the lease agreement contains a bargain purchase option, the lease is called Capital Lease. The lease agreement gives a provision to the lessee to purchase the leased assets or property at a price that is expected to be considerably less than the fair value, such criteria are called as a bargain purchase option.

Example

Essar limited (Lessor) and Trojan limited (Lessee) signed a leasing agreement on January 1, 2012. The term of the lease is 15 years. The lease agreement is non-cancelable and has a minimum lease payment with a present value of $450,000, and the lease involves the use of machinery that has 17 years estimated useful life and is valued at $460,000. The lease agreement provided a provision to Trojan limited to purchase the assets for $20,000 at the end of the lease agreement.

So in the above example, Bargain Purchase provision in a lease agreement is provided to Trojan Limited; such lease agreement is classified as a capital leaseCapital Lease A capital lease is a legal agreement of any business equipment or property equivalent or sale of an asset by one party (lesser) to another (lessee). The lesser agrees to transfer the ownership rights to the lessee once the lease period is completed, and it is generally non-cancellable and long-term in nature.read more agreement.

#3 – Lease Term

If the lease agreement provides a provision of a Non-cancellable lease term, which is equal to 75% or more than the expected economic life of the leased assets, than such leasing agreement is called Capital Lease.

So if you look at the example explained in criteria two, it’s fulfilling the lease term criteria, as lease term is 15 years and life of assets is 17 years, so please term is more the 75% of economic life the leased assets in the above-mentioned example.

Example

Let’s discuss one more example.

An ABC limited signed a lease agreement with XYZ limited for Machinery, which has a fair value of $17,000, and ABC limited leased it for 3 years. In return, XYZ limited will repay Monthly rent of $600 and the economic life span of machinery is 5 years, the company also charges 3% of interest over a loan of $17,000.

So in the above example, leaseLease Leasing is an arrangement in which the asset's right is transferred to another person without transferring the ownership. In simple terms, it means giving the asset on hire or rent. The person who gives the asset is “Lessor,” the person who takes the asset on rent is “Lessee.”read more term is 3 years, and the economic life span of the leased asset is 5 years, so the lease term is less than 75% of the assets life span, so the above lease is called an operating lease.

#4 – Present Value

The Present Value of the minimum lease payments (MLP) is 90% or more of the fair value of the assets.

So if you take the example in criterion two, the Fair market value of an asset is $ 460,000, and the Present Value of Minimum Lease Payments is $450,000, which is more than 90%, so lease agreement satisfied the MLP present value criteria.

Capital Lease Criteria Example

On December 1, 2010, Kelly Inc. a Laptop services and printing firm and entered in the lease agreement for a color copied with Xerox limited
The lease agreement provided a provision to four annual payments of $100,000 starting from December 1, 2010, the inception of the lease, and at each December 1 till four annual payments completed.
The economic or useful life span of a copier is estimated as six years. Before deciding to lease, Kelly Inc. considered purchasing the copier for its cash price of $479,079. If funds were borrowed to buy the copier, the interest rate would have been 10%. How should the above lease agreement to be classified?

Solution:-

Now we will apply the four classifications criteria.

Calculation: – PV of MLP = Lease payments multiply by Present Value**

= $100,000 *3.48685

= $348,685 < 90% of $479,079

**Present Value of an annuity dueAnnuity Due Annuity Due can be defined as those payments which are required to be made at the start of each annuity period instead of the end of the period. The payments are generally fixed and there are two values for an annuity, one would be future value, and another would be present value.read more of $1: n=4, i=10%

Since none of the four classifications criteria is met, this is not a capital lease agreement it is an operating lease agreement.

Now suppose if above lease agreement provided a provision that lease term is equal to the estimated useful life of copier than the transaction must be recorded by the lesseeLessee A Lessee, also called a Tenant, is an individual (or entity) who rents the land or property (generally immovable) from a lessor (property owner) under a legal lease agreement. read more as a capital lease since it fulfills the criteria of the non-cancellable lease term is equal to 75% or more of the expected economic life of the assets.

Conclusion

So from the above explanations, it is clear that capital lease exists only if the lease agreement meets any one of the above-mentioned criteria. If a lease agreement does not meet any of the above-mentioned criteria, then such lease is by default called an operating lease. The above criterion’s used to classify leases on lessee’s books.

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Capital Lease Criteria