Operating Income vs Net Income

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21 Aug, 2024

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Difference Between Operating Income and Net Income

The key difference between operating income and net income is that operating income refers to the income earned by a business organization during the period under consideration from its principal revenue-generating activities. It does not consider non-operating income and non-operating expenses. In contrast, net income refers to the business's earnings that are earned during the period after considering all the expenses incurred by the company during that period.

Both are essential metrics in financial accounting statements. Operating income is the income generated by the day-to-day operations or, in other terms, the core activities of a business. It is calculated after deducting the cost of operations from the total sales.

Mathematically, it can be expressed as:

Operating Income = Gross Income - Operating Expenses - Depreciation & Amortization

Net income is the bottom line. The final profit is available for the shareholders after deducting interest expenses, any extraordinary income or expense, and taxes.

Operating-Income-vs-Net-Income Differences

Mathematically, it can be expressed as:

Net Income = Operating Income + Other Income - Interest Expense + One-Time Extraordinary Income - One-Time Extraordinary Expense - Taxes

The above equation helps us identify the relationship between operating and net income. Operating income, on the one hand, identifies the income generated from the operating activities of the business; net income, on the other hand, quantifies any income generated by the business entity either from operations or from interests earned from investments or even an income generated by liquidating an asset. Operating income is a subset of a bigger umbrella called Net income.

Difference Between Operating Income and Net Income

Example

Consider the income statement of an ABC company.

Total Net Sales	1,000,000
Credit Income	-
Total Revenue	1,000,000
Cost and Expenses
Cost of Goods Sold	600,000
Administrative Expenses	50,000
Depreciation and Amortization	10,000
Total Costs and Expenses	660,000
Operating Income	340,000
Other Income	50,000
Interest Expense	-45,000
One-Time Loss	-50,000
Income before Taxes	295,000
Taxes	59,000
Net Income	236000

Here operating income has been calculated by deducting the cost and expenses from the total sales. However, to calculate net income, total expenses are deducted from total income, and then tax is levied. Also, as illustrated, net income is the bottom line and the final number on the income statement as one follows the top-down approach. Operating income is just a subset used in calculating the net income.

Operating Income vs. Net Income Infographics

Critical Differences Between Operating Income and Net Income

The key differences are as follows –

#1 - Significance

Operating income is the most significant section in the income statement of any business unit. It is because it helps identify the income generated from the primary business activities of the firm. It does not consider any one-time expense or any one-time income. Hence it is free from any manipulations and gives a clear picture of the robustness of the operational activities of the business. Analysis of operating income for consecutive quarters can help an investor identify the profitability of the business and the growth opportunities it can provide for the long term.

Net income, on the other hand, is the final profit available for the shareholders after all expenses and income have been taken care of. Hence it is called a bottom line and used to pay out the dividends. Unlike operating income, it does contain any one-time expense or one-time income. For example, consider a pharma company with a robust operating income that has been penalized by regulators. This one-time payment will not affect the operating income but will impact the net income and, eventually, the profit available to the shareholders. Therefore, investors should carefully analyze both incomes before parking their money.

# 2 -Taxes and uses

Operating income only takes care of revenue generated and the cost of operations. Net income takes care of not only revenue, costs, expenses, one-time expenses, taxes, and surcharges. Therefore, sometimes you might see a big number on the operating income section of the balance sheet, which gets completely wiped off in the bottom line. Since net income denotes the profitability of the firm, it is used in calculating parameters like EPS, return on equity, and return on assets. Shareholders are mainly interested in these ratios, as these will only determine if their investments have been worthwhile.

Comparative Table

Basis	Operating Income	Net Income
Definition	The operating income signifies the income generated from the primary operational activities of the business for a particular period.	Net income is the income generated inclusive of all activities carried by the business unit for a particular period.
Significance	It helps in identifying how much revenue transforms into Profit.	It identifies the earning potential of the business entity.
Calculation	Operating income = Gross Income – Operating Expense – Depreciation and amortization.	Net income = Operating income + Other income – Interest expense + one-time extraordinary income – onetime extraordinary expense – Taxes
Taxes	Taxes are not considered in Operating income.	Net income is derived after considering taxes.
Uses	It is used to calculate return on capital employed.	It is used to calculate ratios such as earning per share, return on equity, return on assets, etc.

Final Thought

Operating and net income are essential parameters while judging the firm's financial health. Long-term investors will be more interested in understanding the robustness of the core business activities of the firm. Hence they will monitor the operating income with a close eye. However, short-term traders will be more interested in the bottom line numbers as that will determine the earning potential of their speculative bets.

That is why most of the time, you will see a sharp dip in a listed firm's share price whenever there are short-term setbacks like losing a lawsuit or being penalized by regulators. However, most of the time, these are an overreaction by the short-term traders concerned about near-term profitability, and most often, share prices bounce back. For example, the Maggi ban in India had a massive impact on Nestle India Ltd shares, which dropped by 50% in 4 weeks before bouncing back to their initial levels within two quarters.