Coupon vs Yield

Difference Between Coupon vs Yield

Coupon is similar to interest rate, which is paid by the issuer of a bond to the bondholder as a return on his investment. On the other hand Yield to maturity of a bond is the interest rate for a bond which calculated on the basis of coupon payment and the current market price of a bond.

What is Coupon Rate?

Whenever a bondholder decides to put his money on a bond he needs to look at certain parts that make up a bond. A bond has face value which is the amount the bondholder will receive at the time of maturity from the issuer of the bond. The coupon rate on the bond is calculated on the basis of the face value of the bond. For example suppose the face value of an XYZ bond is $1000 and the coupon payment for the bond is $20 semi-annually, then on an annual basis, the total coupon that will be received by the investor will be $40. The way coupon rate is calculated is by dividing the annual coupon payment by the face value of the bond. In this case, the coupon rate for the bond will be $40/$1000 that is a 4% annual rate.

Coupon rates can be paid quarterly semi-annually or yearly depending on the bond. Irrespective of the change in the price of a bond the coupon rate will remain fixed for the life of the bond.

What is Yield to Maturity?

Yield to maturity is the effective rate of return of a bond at a particular point of time. On the basis of the coupon from the earlier example, suppose the annual coupon of the bond is $40. And the price of the bond is $1150 then the yield on the bond will be 3.5%.

Coupon vs Yield Infographics

Here we provide you with the top 5 difference between Coupon vs Yield

Coupon vs Yield– Key Differences

The key differences between Coupon vs Yield are as follows –

For the calculation of coupon rate the denominator is the face value of the bond and for the calculation of the yield of a bond, the denominator is the market price of the bond.
The coupon rate is fixed for the entire duration of the bond as both the numerator and the denominator for the calculation of coupon rate do not change. The yield of a bond changes with the change in the price of the bond.
Change in interest rate in the economy by the central bank has no effect on the coupon rate of a bond. The price of a bond is inversely proportional to the interest rates. A yield of a bond changes with the change in the interest rate in the economy.

Coupon vs Yield Head to Head Difference

Let’s now look at the head to head difference between Coupon vs Yield

Basis – Coupon vs Yield	Coupon rate	Yield
Definition	Coupon is similar to interest rate, which is paid by the issuer of a bond to the bondholder as a return on his investment.	Yield to maturity of a bond is the interest rate for a bond which calculated on the basis of coupon payment and the current market price of a bond.
Basis of calculation	The coupon rate is calculated with numerator as the coupon payment and the denominator as the face value of the bond.	The coupon rate is calculated with numerator as the coupon payment and the denominator as the market price of the bond.
Effecting delta	The coupon rate remains fixed for the entire duration a bond as the coupon payment is fixed and also the face value is fixed	Yield changes with the change in the market price of a bond.
Effect of interest rate	Change in interest rate in the economy by the central bank has no effect on the coupon rate of a bond.	The price of a bond is inversely proportional to the interest rates. With the increase of interest rate, the price of a bond will decrease, as the investor then will look for higher yield from a bond. And with the decrease of interest rate, the price of a bond will increase as then the investor will happy with the lower interest rate.
Example	Suppose the face value of an XYZ bond is $1000 and the coupon payment is $40 annually. The way coupon rate is calculated is by dividing the annual coupon payment by the face value of the bond. In this case, the coupon rate for the bond will be $40/$1000 that is a 4% annual rate.	If the annual coupon of a bond is $40. And the price of the bond is $1150 then the yield on the bond will be 3.5%.

Final Thoughts

Coupon vs yield are very important components of a bond, for an investor in a bond. The coupon rate is paid either quarterly, semi-annually or yearly depending on the bond. On the basis of the coupon payment and face value of the bond, the coupon rate is calculated. The yield of the bond, on the other hand, is the interest rate on the basis of the current market price of the bond and is thus also known as the effective rate of return for a bond. The yield of a bond changes with a change in the interest rate in the economy, but the coupon rate do not have the effect of interest rate.