What is Straight Line Amortization?
Straight-line amortization is one of the methods used for the amortization of the cost of the intangible assets or allocating the interest expenses which are associated with the issue of the bond by the company equally in each of the accounting period of the company until the end of the life of the intangible asset or until maturity of bond respectively in the income statement of the company.
Types of Straight-Line Amortization
The following are the main situation in case of which the method of Straight Line Amortization is used:
#1 – Allocation of the Interest on the Bonds
Under this situation, the company allocates the interest on the bond issued by it equally over the life of the asset. This interest arises when the bonds are issued by the company at the discount but the interest is payable on the face value. So, the company is required to amortize the bond discount given i.e., the difference between the face value and the value received over the remaining period of maturity of the bond.
#2 – Charging off Cost of Intangible Asset
Under this method, the cost of intangible assets such as patents, goodwill or intellectual property, etc is charged over the useful life of that intangible assets in equal yearly amounts.
#3 – Monthly Installment of Loan
When the loan is to be repaid in equal installment then also its is referred to as Straight-line amortization.
Straight Line Amortization Formula
The formula for the calculation of the Straight Line Amortization is as follows:
#1 – Allocation of the Interest on the Bonds
Where,
- Total Interest amount = Difference between the face value and the value received over the remaining period of maturity of the bond
- The number of periods in the life of Bond= Remaining period of the bond until maturity.
#2 – Charging off Cost of Intangible Asset
Where,
- Cost of the intangible assets= Amount paid for the intangible asset minus the salvage value of that intangible asset.
- The useful life of the intangible assets = Number of years of Useful remaining life remaining of that intangible asset.
Examples
Example #1 – Allocation of the Interest on the Bonds
For Example Company A ltd., issued the 1000 bonds in the market having the face value of $1,000 each at the rate of $970 each. The period for which the bond is issued in the market is 6 years. Calculate the charge of interest every year in the income statement of the company using the Straight Line method.
Solution
In the present case, the face value of each of the bond issued is $1,000 and the issue price is $ 970. So the discount issued per bond comes to $30 ($1,000- $970). The total amount of discount given for all the bonds comes to $30,000 (discount per bond * number of bonds issued = $30* 1,000).
A company needs to amortize this discount given because a discount arises when the bonds are issued by the company at the value less than its face value but the interest is payable on the face value and not on the discounted issue price. Now, by using a method of the straight line, bond discount will be written off by the company in the equal amounts over a bond’s life as follows:
- Total Interest Amount = $ 30,000
- Number of a Period in the life of Bond = 6 years
Calculation of Straight-Line Amortization
- = $ 30,000 / 6
- = $5,000
Thus every year $5,000 will be charged in the income statement of the company for the next 6 years.
Example #2 – Charging off the Cost of Intangible Asset
For Example Company A ltd buys goodwill for $70,000 having an estimated useful life of seven years with no salvage value at the end. Calculate the yearly Charge using the straight-line amortization method.
Solution
- Cost of the intangible assets=$ 70,000.
- The useful life of the intangible assets= 7 years
Calculation of Straight-Line Amortization
- = $ 70,000 / 7
- = $10,000
Thus every year $10,000 will be charged in the income statement of the company for the next 7 years.
Advantages
The different advantages are as follows:
- It is a simple and less time-consuming method as every year equal amount is to be charged in the income statement of the company.
- The straight-line amortization method is one of the very useful accounting principles because using this the expenses or interest is calculated quickly.
Disadvantages
The different disadvantages are as follows:
- Generally, all the intangible assets do not perform uniformly each year so the Straight-line amortization method does not account for these variations.
- In cases where functional life span cannot be estimated properly, then this method will not be useful.
Important Points
The different important points are as follows:
- It is required to clearly estimate the functional life span or the maturity of intangible asset or bond and loan respectively.
- It leads to movement of the same amount systematically in every accounting period from the balance sheet account of the company to the income statement account
Conclusion
Straight-line amortization equally charges the cost of assets or interest in each of the accounting periods of the company until the end of the life of the intangible asset or until maturity of bond respectively in the income statement of the company.
It is a simple and less time-consuming method as every year equal amount is to be charged in the income statement of the company. However in cases where functional life span cannot be estimated properly, then this method will not be useful.
Recommended Articles
This has been a guide to Straight-Line Amortization. Here we discuss the types, formula for calculation of straight-line amortization along with examples, advantages, and disadvantages. You can learn more about accounting from the following articles-
