What is a Cash Budget?
Cash Budget refers to the estimation of cash inflows and outflows made by the management of the business entity over a given period where such estimations are made to evaluate whether the business has adequate cash & cash equivalents to meet its operating needs in the coming future.
Explanation
A cash budget is the written financial plan made by the business related to their cash receiptsCash ReceiptsA cash receipt is a small document that works as evidence that the amount of cash received during a transaction involves transferring cash or cash equivalent. The original copy of this receipt is given to the customer, while the seller keeps the other copy for accounting purposes.read more and payments in a given period. Cash receipts include receipts from the sale of goods & services, interest, etc. and cash payments include payment against purchase of goods & services, salaries, electricity, loans, etc. In other words, the budget prepared to make the estimations of the company’s cash position in the future.
Generally, it is prepared by the business entities for one year, but when cash flowsCash FlowsCash Flow is the amount of cash or cash equivalent generated & consumed by a Company over a given period. It proves to be a prerequisite for analyzing the business’s strength, profitability, & scope for betterment. read more are not stable, then the companies go for preparing the cash budgets quarterly, monthly, or even weekly so that the business can manage their cash flows as per the requirement.
Objectives
- The primary objective of the cash budget is to see the future cash position of the business so that the management can evaluate when the funds are required to be arranged in the future so that the operations of the business will not hamper.
- It is also prepared to check if the excess cash is available, then they must be invested in a productive way to maximise the business returns.
- Further, they are prepared to predict the cash surplus/deficit during the given period.
- To minimise the expenditures of the business by controlling the spending of the company.
Example of Cash Budget
How to Prepare a Cash Budget?
The following methods are used to prepare a cash budget:
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For eg:
Source: Cash Budget (wallstreetmojo.com)
#1 – Receipts and Payment Method
Receipts and payment method is the most popular and easy method of preparation of the cash budget mostly short-term budget. In the receipts and payment method, all the estimated receipts are added to the opening cash balance. Then all the estimated cash payments are deducted from the sum of opening cash balance, and the estimated receipts and the remaining balance after the above calculations are made represents closing cash balance.
#2 – Adjusted Profit & Loss Method
This method is followed for the preparation of a long-term cash budget. The basis of preparation under this method is the profit & loss account. The assumption under this method is that all the increase and decrease in cash balance is the profit/loss of the business.
Now while preparing a profit & loss account, various expenses such as depreciation, loss on the sale of assets, goodwill are written off, etc. that do not involve actual cash payments are deducted from the income of the business. Various incomes such as profit on the sale of the fixed assetFixed AssetFixed assets are assets that are held for the long term and are not expected to be converted into cash in a short period of time. Plant and machinery, land and buildings, furniture, computers, copyright, and vehicles are all examples.read more are added to the income that does not include actual cash receipts are added to calculate the net profit of the business.
So while preparing a cash budget under this method, all the non-cash expensesNon-cash ExpensesNon-cash expenses are those expenses recorded in the firm's income statement for the period under consideration; such costs are not paid or dealt with in cash by the firm. It involves expenses such as depreciation.read more are added to the net profit, and all the non-cash incomes are subtracted from the same. After that, the working capital changes, capital receipts, and payments, and cash flows related to financing are adjusted, and the opening cash balance is added to the amount after adjustment, and then the result is the cash balance.
#3 – Balance Sheet Method
In the balance sheet method of a cash budget, the expected balance sheet is prepared, which will include expected assets and liabilities except for the balance of cash & cash equivalents. Now if the total of estimated liabilities is more than the estimated assets, then the balancing figure is closing cash and cash equivalents.
But if the result is the opposite, then the closing balance is termed as an overdraft.
Use of Cash Budget
- They help the management to know/estimate the cash position of the business well in advance relating to the different financial periods.
- The cash budget indicates the requirements of cash for capital investmentsCapital InvestmentsCapital Investment refers to any investments made into the business with the objective of enhancing the operations. It could be long term acquisition by the business such as real estates, machinery, industries, etc.read more.
- It helps the owners to know the surplus cash that will be available for the short term or long term investments.
- The future cash availability of the business can be known for availing discounts from the vendors on timely payment of cash.
- Planning of redemption of shares/debentures becomes easy with the estimation of cash position as the cash availability is known well in advance.
- It is also essential to maintain the liquidityLiquidityLiquidity shows the ease of converting the assets or the securities of the company into the cash. Liquidity is the ability of the firm to pay off the current liabilities with the current assets it possesses.read more of the business. It suggests the minimum level of cash that a business should maintain to meet the expected requirements and the contingencies.
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