Below is the list of Most Important 100+ Excel Functions along with its usage and formula. These Excel Functions are sub-divided into the following –

Financial Functions in Excel

FV in Excel Calculates the future value of an investment at a specified rate of interest
rate
nper
pmt
pv
type
IPMT Calculates the interest of an investment for a specific period.
rate
per
nper
pv
fv
type
IRR This excel function is simply the Internal Rate of Return for your investment in a series of cash flows.
values
guess
MIRR in Excel MIRR In ExcelMIRR or (modified internal rate of return) in excel is an in-build financial function to calculate the MIRR for the cash flows supplied with a period. It takes the initial investment, interest rate and the interest earned from the earned amount and returns the MIRR.read more It is the Modified Internal Rate of return, which returns the percentage by taking into consideration both the Finance Rate & Reinvestment Rate.
values
finance_rate
reinvest_rate
NPER It is simply the number of installments or EMI’s required to clear off the loan.
rate
pmt
pv
fv
type
NPV Net Present Value is the value of future cash inflows and outflows by taking into consideration of present discount rate.
rate
value1
value2
PMT PMTPMT function is an advanced financial function to calculate the monthly payment against the simple loan amount. You have to provide basic information, including loan amount, interest rate, and duration of payment, and the function will calculate the payment as a result.read more This excel function returns the per month payment required to return the loan.
rate
nper
pv
fv
type
PPMT in Excel It returns only the principal amount for an investment or loan
per
nper
pv
fv
type
PRICE in Excel It returns the redemption value per 100 face value.
settlement
maturity
rate
yld
redemption
frequency
basis
PV in Excel It gives the present value of an investment by taking into consideration of constant interest rate and payments.
rate
nper
pmt
fv
type
RATE in Excel It returns the interest rate for an investment or loan.
nper
pmt
pv
fv
type
guess
XIRR It returns the internal rate of return without any specific periodic period.
values
dates
guess
YIELD It estimates the amount earned on investment security over a period of time.

Logical Functions in Excel

AND If all the supplied conditions are true, it will return TRUE or else FALSE.
logical1
logical2
IF This tests the logic given; it the condition is true, then we can get whatever the result we want if FALSE also we can other than the TRUE result value.
logical_test
value_if_true
value_if_false
IFERROR in Excel IFERROR In ExcelWhen an error occurs in any formula or argument, the IFERROR excel function is used to display the result. This function can be used in conjunction with other functions to alert the user of any errors in the formula.read more This returns the specific value if the applied formula returns an error result.
value
value_if_error
NOT This works indirectly, if the value is TRUE, it will result in FLASE, and if the result is FALSE, it will return TRUE.
logical
OR in Excel This is just like the AND function in excel, but if anyone of the supplied is true, it will return TRUE.
logical1
logical2
TRUE This is the formula to get TRUE value without manual typing
–

Text Functions in Excel

CHAR This excel function converts numbers to characters based on the American Standard Code For Information Interchange (ASCII).
number
CLEAN It removes only non-printable values.
text
CODE This returns the numerical code for an alphabetic word.
text
EXACT in Excel This tests two cell values, whether they are exact, are not.
text1
text2
LEFT This will get the value from the left-hand side of a string based on the number of characters we specify.
text
num_chars
LEN in Excel This excel function returns the numbers of characters in a cell. Space is also a character.
text
MID in Excel This can fetch the data from the middle of the supplied value.
text
start_num
num_chars
PROPER This will arrange the text properly by changing the first character to an uppercase letter.
text
REPLACE This excel function replaces the text with new text from the specified position
old_text
start_num
num_chars
new_text
REPT This will repeat the supplied character based on the number we specify.
text
number_times
RIGHT in Excel RIGHT In ExcelRight function is a text function which gives the number of characters from the end from the string which is from right to left. For example, if we use this function as =RIGHT ( “ANAND”,2) this will give us ND as the result.read more This will get the value from the right-hand side of a string based on the number of characters we specify.
text
num_chars
SEARCH in Excel SEARCH In ExcelSearch function gives the position of a substring in a given string when we give a parameter of the position to search from. As a result, this formula requires three arguments. The first is the substring, the second is the string itself, and the last is the position to start the search.read more This will return the position of the supplied character in the specific value.
find_text
within_text
start_num
SUBSTITUTE in Excel This excel function substitutes the existing character with a new character.
text
old_text
new_text
instance_num
TEXT This will convert the value to text based on the format we specify.
value
format_text
TRIM in Excel This eliminates unnecessary spaces or trailing spaces.
text
VALUE in Excel This will convert the numerical values, which are in text format to number format.
text

Date and Time Functions in Excel

DATE This excel function requires three elements, year, month, and day. It will format the supplied numbers as a date.
year
month
day
DAY It extracts the day number from the supplied date.
serial_number
EDATE in Excel EDATE In ExcelEDATE is a date and time function in excel which adds a given number of months into a date and gives us a date in a numerical format of date. It takes dates and integers as input, the output returned by this function is also a date value. read more It is used to get a date on the same day of the month, x months in the past or future.
start_date
months
EOMONTH This excel function returns the end of the month for the supplied date.
start_date
months
NOW in Excel It returns the current date and time.
–
TIME in Excel TIME In ExcelTime is a time worksheet function in Excel that is used to calculate time based on the inputs provided by the user. The arguments can take the following formats: hours, minutes, and seconds.read more It requires three elements, hour, minute, and second.
hour
minute
second
TODAY in Excel It gives the current date.
–
WEEKDAY in Excel WEEKDAY In ExcelWEEKDAY Function calculates the given weekday for a specified date. It takes a date as an argument and the return type then returns an integer result ranging from 1-7 as there are seven days in a week.read more It returns the weekday of the supplied date.
serial_number
return_type
WORKDAY in Excel This excel function returns the date from the supplied date based on the number of days we specify.
start_date
days
holidays
YEAR in Excel YEAR In ExcelThe year function in excel is a date function to calculate the year from a given date. This function takes a serial number as an argument and returns a four-digit numeric value representing the year of the given date, formula = year (serial number)read more This function extracts the year from the supplied date.
serial_number

Lookup & Reference Functions in Excel

ADDRESS This will create the cell reference or address of the cell as a text value.
row_num
column_num
abs_num
a1
sheet_text
CHOOSE This excel function chooses the value from various values.
index_num
value1
value2
COLUMN This function returns the selected column number
reference
COLUMNS in Excel It will return how many columns are selected
array
GETPIVOTDATA It extracts data from the pivot table from the specified row and from the specified column
data_field
pivot_table
field1
item1
HLOOKUP It extracts data which is there horizontally based on the lookup value.
lookup_value
table_array
row_index_num
range_lookup
HYPERLINKHYPERLINKA hyperlink is an inbuilt function in excel used to create hyperlinks for a particular cell. When the hyperlink is created, it redirects to a specific webpage. The hyperlink formula has two arguments, one is the URL while the other is the name we provide to the URL.read more This creates a URL to open the data, which is where your PC or laptop.
link_location
friendly_name
INDEX It returns the value from the lookup value.
array
row_num
column_num
area_num
INDIRECT Function in Excel This indirectly refers to the other cell from a different cell.
ref_text
a1
LOOKUP in Excel LOOKUP In ExcelThe LOOKUP excel function searches a value in a range (single row or column). It returns a corresponding match from the exact position of another range. The corresponding match is a piece of information associated with the value being searched.read more It looks for a value in one row and one column
lookup_value
lookup_vector
result_vector
MATCH This returns the row number of a lookup value from the array.
lookup_value
lookup_array
match_type
OFFSET in Excel This function returns a reference to a range.
reference
rows
cols
height
width
ROW Returns the first-row number in the reference provided
reference
Transpose in Excel This function is used to switch cells between rows and columns.
array
VLOOKUP This excel function returns the value of a lookup value from another table, which is there vertically.
lookup_value
table_array
col_index_num
range_lookup

Math Functions in Excel

ABS This function converts all the negative numbers to positive numbers.
number
AGGREGATE This excel function supplies some of the important formulas like Average, Count, Max, Min, and many other functions by ignoring error values
function_num
options
array
k
CEILING Excel Function Returns a rounded number based on a multiple significance.
number
significance
mode
COMBIN Excel Function This function returns the number of combinations for a specified number of items.
number
number_chosen
EVEN This excel function converts all the odd numbers to even numbers.
number
EXP Excel Function It raises the supplied number to the power of e.
number
INT in Excel This function is responsible for returning a number’s integer portion.
number
LN Excel LN ExcelLN function calculates the logarithm of a given number which takes a single number as the argument and gives the result as the logarithm.read more This function is used to calculate the natural logarithm of a number.
number
LOG in Excel It returns the logarithm of a number to the base user gives
number
base
ODD in Excel This function converts all the even numbers to ODD numbers.
number
POWER in Excel This function raises the base number to a different number of times at the top of the base.
number
power
PRODUCT in Excel PRODUCT In ExcelProduct excel function is an inbuilt mathematical function which is used to calculate the product or multiplication of the given numbers. If you provide this formula arguments as 2 and 3 as =PRODUCT(2,3) then the result displayed is 6.read more This function simply does the multiplication of two supplied numbers.
number1
number2
RAND in Excel It returns values that are greater than zero but less than 1. This is a volatile function.
–
ROUND It either rounds up or rounds down to a specified number of decimals.
number
num_digits
ROUNDUP in ExcelROUNDUP In ExcelThe ROUNDUP function in Excel is a built-in function that is used to calculate the rounded value of a number to the highest degree. It rounds numbers away from zero, thus if the input to this function is =ROUNDUP(0.40,1), the output will be 0.4.read more This excel function rounds the given floating-point number to a number of decimal places provided.
number
num_digits
ROUNDDOWN in ExcelROUNDDOWN In ExcelROUNDDOWN function is a built-in function in Microsoft Excel which rounds off the given number to the nearest lower number w.r.t the given number. This function can be accessed by typing the keyword =ROUNDDOWN( in any cell).read more To round off the given number, this function is used.
number
num_digits
SIGN This function calculates the sign of a supplied number.
number
SIN in Excel This function calculates the SIN of an angle
number
SQRT in ExcelSQRT In ExcelThe Square Root function is an arithmetic function built into Excel that is used to determine the square root of a given number. To use this function, type the term =SQRT and hit the tab key, which will bring up the SQRT function. Moreover, this function accepts a single argument.read more Find a number of positive square roots
number
SUBTOTAL in ExcelSUBTOTAL In ExcelThe Excel Subtotal function is a built-in function that returns the subtotal of a given data table or data sets. This formula requires two inputs, the first of which is the function number and the second of which is the range.read more This function ignores all the hidden rows and gives the calculation only for the visible rows.
function_num
ref1
SUM This excel function adds all the numerical values which are there in the range.
number1
number2
SUMIF in Excel This function adds the numbers based on the single criteria given by the user.
range
criteria
sum_range
TAN This function simultaneously does the summation as well as multiplication corresponding to the values.
array1
array2
array3
TAN in Excel This function returns the tangent of an angle.
number
TANH in ExcelTANH In ExcelTANH is an inbuilt trigonometric function hyperbolic tangent which calculates the ratio of the hyperbolic sine and cosine functions. It takes single argument as an input.read more TANH function gives the hyperbolic tangent of a given number, and the number is considered as an angle to radians.
number

Statistical Functions in Excel

AVERAGE This excel function returns the average value of the supplied numbers.
number1
number2
CORREL Excel Function  This is nothing but a correlation between two data sets.
array1
array2
COUNT This function counts all the numerical values in the supplied range.
value1
value2
COUNTIF This excel function counts only the value w specify
range
criteria
F.TEST in Excel This function is used to decide if two populations having normal distributionNormal DistributionNormal Distribution is a bell-shaped frequency distribution curve which helps describe all the possible values a random variable can take within a given range with most of the distribution area is in the middle and few are in the tails, at the extremes. This distribution has two key parameters: the mean (µ) and the standard deviation (σ) which plays a key role in assets return calculation and in risk management strategy.read more have similar variances or the standard deviation.
array1
array2
FORECAST Excel Formula This function calculates or estimates the sales values based on previous trends.
x
known_ys
known_xs
FREQUENCY in Excel This excel function shows how often a certain value is occurring in an array
data_array
bins_array
GROWTH It calculates the exponential growthCalculates The Exponential GrowthExponential Growth refers to the increase due to compounding of the data over time and follows a curve representing an exponential function. Exponential growth formula: Final value = Initial value * (1 + Annual Growth Rate/No of Compounding ) No. of years * No. of compoundingread more of given numbers based on two data sets.
known_ys
known_xs
new_xs
const
LARGE It is responsible for returning the nth largest value from a given set of values in the spreadsheet.
array
k
LINEST ExcelLINEST ExcelThe built-in LINEST Function in Excel calculates statistics for a line by the least-squares regression method & returns an array that defines the line proving to be well-suited for the given data. read more It is used to calculate a line’s stats.
known_ys
known_xs
const
stats
MAX in Excel This function is given the maximum value from the supplied numbers.
number2
MEDIAN This function returns the middle value of the supplied numbers.
number1
number2
MIN in Excel This function is given the minimum value from the supplied numbers.
number1
number2
MODE This excel function returns the MODE for each set of data.
number1
number2
NORMDIST It estimates the probability of the variables plotting below or above a certain value.
x
mean
standard_dev
cumulative
NORM.S.INV This is the inverse of standard normal cumulative distribution.
Probability
PERCENTILE in ExcelPERCENTILE In ExcelThe PERCENTILE Function returns the nth percentile from a supplied set of values. For example, you can use the PERCENTILE to find the 90th percentile, 80th percentile, etc. The PERCENTILE in excel is a built-in function of Microsoft Excel and is categorized under the Statistical Function.read more This function returns the nth percentile of the set of values supplied.
array
k
QUARTILE in Excel This function in excel is used to find the different quartiles of a data set.
array
quart
SLOPE in Excel This function calculates how steep the line is
known_ys
known_xs
SMALL in Excel This function returns the nth smallest value of the set of values supplied.
array
k
STDEV.SSTDEV.SThe standard deviation in excel shows the variability of the data values from the mean (average). The STDEV and STDEV.S calculate sample standard deviation in Excel, while STDEVP and STDEV.P compute population standard deviation.read more SD shows how data spread outs among data points.
number1
number2
T.TEST This function in excel calculates the probability associated with the T-testT-testA T-test is a method to identify whether the means of two groups differ from one another significantly. It is an inferential statistics approach that facilitates the hypothesis testing.read more of the student.
array1
array2
tails
type
TREND This function calculates the linear trend according to the given linear data set.
known_ys
known_xs
new_xs
const

Information Functions in Excel

ISBLANK in Excel This examines whether the supplied value is blank or not.
value
ISERROR in Excel This examines whether the supplied value is an error or not.
value
ISNAISNAThe ISNA function is an error handling function in Excel. It helps to find out whether any cell has a “#N/A error” or not. This function returns the value “true” if “#N/A error” is identified or "false" if not identified.read more This examines whether the supplied value is equal to #N/A or not.
value
ISNUMBER This function in excel testsExcel TestsThe Excel Test is a tool used by employers to assess their employees' Excel knowledge during the recruitment process. The goal is to assess skill level in Excel as it reduces human work and makes it very simple.read more whether the supplied value if a number or not.
value