Oil Investing (Definition) | Top 4 Methods of Brent Oil Investing

What is Oil Investing?

Oil Investing refers to the practice of making investments in oil or related sectors by direct or indirect methods of investing in oil. Oil is a highly volatile sector and it is usually highly knowledgeable or seasoned investors that take exposure in this sector.

Top 4 Methods of Brent Oil Investing

There are multiple ways that an investor can take exposure to brent oil. The most common methods are listed below-

#1 – Oil Futures

Like any Futures contract, an Oil Futures contract is an agreement between two parties where the contract buyer agrees to buy a certain quantity of oil at a pre-determined price at the expiration date from the contract seller. It can be settled physically, that is, by actually delivering the oil at the expiration date and taking the payment as agreed; or in case of traders, it can be settled as the difference between the contract price and the market price on the expiration date.

#2 – Oil Options

A brent oil option is a derivative investment product where the underlying asset is the oil futures contracts instead of the actual oil. It is the most commonly traded derivative contract in the energy sector. Unlike oil futures, a Long position in an Oil Options Contract gives the person a right, not the obligation, to buy oil in case the market price has gone up higher than the price specified in the options contract.

#3 – Oil ETFs/Mutual Funds

Any fund, or money pool, that invests in the oil sector falls in this category of oil investing. It is the most common among people who want to take exposure to the oil sector, reap the benefits of investing in oil, without having to actually acquire the proper knowledge for it. Oil ETFs/Mutual Funds invest money in companies in the oil sector.

These companies could be involved in upstream (drilling), downstream (refineries), or midstream (pipelines) category of the oil industry. The United States Oil Fund and the Vanguard Energy ETF are the most common Oil ETFs in the United States.

#4 – Oil Equity

Investors who are avid equity investors and see the oil as an attractive sector take exposure by taking equity positions in oil companies. Now, this can be done in multiple ways. First, an investor can just buy stocks of oil companies on a stock exchange, This is the most common for retail investors who want to invest smaller amounts of money.

Second, an investor can become a part of a hedge fund or PE fund that provides equity capital to companies engaged in oil exploration or other oil-related activities. Lastly, big corporations invest in oil by establishing facilities for oil exploration/refining activities. With each method, the amount of investment keeps increasing, as does the risk as well as the return potential.

Advantages Of Investing In Oil

Diversification – Brent Oil is a great way to diversify your investment portfolio. Oil has a low correlation with other prospective assets in your portfolio and can provide the benefit of diversification in a volatile market where some assets would perform well and some would not. It is also an excellent way to diversify the portfolio for those investors who like to take exposure to different assets and sectors.
Risk-Reward Ratio – Oil is a highly volatile asset. Only the investors with proper knowledge and understanding should take exposure to this sector. But that being said, oil has a huge risk-reward ratio because of the risk it carries is equally high. Suppose if an investor buys land for oil exploration and finds an oil well under that piece of land, the investment can potentially pay off exponentially.
Tax Benefits There are great tax benefits for investing in oil. If you are an indirect investor such as you have bought shares of an oil company, you will not see this advantage. But for a direct investor such as a drilling company, the IRS allows the following tax incentives:
- In year one, 60%-80% of good costs are deductible in the form of intangible drilling costs. The remaining amount is depreciated over time.
- Depletion allowance to the extent of 15% of Gross Cash Flow
- 100% deduction of lease expenses, selling expenses, and legal expenses in the form of cost depletion allowance.

Disadvantages Of Investing In Brent Oil

Volatile – Although the risk-reward ratio is typically high for oil, the volatility of this asset is very high. The prices of oil can vary extremely due to multiple factors, with the main being demand and supply. Only the seasoned and knowledgeable investors should take the risk of investing in oil because, without the proper knowledge, you can lose a lot of money very quickly.
Complex – The world of oil investing is very complex. There are numerous factors that affect this sector, which is why only people with a proper understanding of this market take the risk of investing in this market. There are special tax rules for different countries for oil investment. So understanding this sector is difficult and not for everyone.
Dry-Hole Drilling – The biggest disadvantage, which can also be related to luck, is the risk of dry-hole drilling. There have been multiple instances where companies buy land and set up drilling operations with huge amounts of investment. But it turns out that the oil well does not exist or has dried up, leading the investment to go to waste.

Conclusion

Oil Investing is a very complex and volatile activity. Although it can be highly rewarding, even giving exponential returns in some cases, the high volatility makes it a game that only knowledgeable and seasoned investors should play. A rookie can lose his/her money very quickly in this sector.
There are multiple direct as well as indirect ways of investing in oil. Each caries varied degrees of risk and return potential. The most common method of oil investing for small investors is buying Oil futures and options.
Big corporations could take exposure to oil by establishing drilling operations (upstream) or setting up refineries(downstream). But the most important thing to keep in mind is that Oil Investing is a very complex activity and should not be done by everybody.