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Stockholder's Equity Statement Definition
A stockholder's equity statement is a financial report which forms part of the financial statements that capture the changes in the equity value of the company (i.e.) increase or decrease in equity value from the commencement of a given financial period to the end of that period. It contains share capital and retained earnings.
Stockholders' equity is the company that has settled the value of assets available to the shareholders after all liabilities. It indicates the company's worth. It is also known as Shareholder's Equity. It provides information relating to equity-related activity to the users of financial statements and it is one of the financial elements used by analysts to understand the company's financial progress.
Components of Stockholder's Equity Statement
The following are the components of the stockholder’s equity statement.
#1 - Share Capital
It contains the capital invested by the investors of the company. The investors' ownership is indicated by way of the shares/stock. Companies generally issue common stock or preferred stock. Movement or changes in the capital structure and value is captured in the Stockholders’ equity statement.
Common Stock
The common stockholders have more rights in the company in terms of voting on the company's decision, but when it comes to payment, they are the last ones on the priority list. In case of liquidation, common stockholders will be paid only after settling the outside liabilities, then bondholders and preference shareholders. The remaining will be paid to the common stockholders.
Preference Stock
The preference stock enjoys a higher claim in the company’s earnings and assets than the common stockholders. They will be entitled to dividend payments before the common stockholders receive theirs. They don’t carry voting rights.
Treasury Stock
Treasury Stock is the value of shares bought back/ repurchased by the company. It acts as a reduction to the share capital. It is the difference between Shares issued and shares outstanding.
Example of Stockholders Equity Statement
Below is an example of the Stockholders equity statement.
The following are the details about XYZ Corp as of 31st December 2018.
Particulars | In ($) |
---|---|
No of Common Stock | 50000 |
No of Preferred Stock | 20000 |
Stock Price (Common Stock) | 140 per share |
Stock Price (Preferred Stock) | 120 per share |
Par Value (Common Stock) | 100 per share |
Par Value (Preferred Stock) | 100 per share |
Treasury Stock - Common Stock | 100000 |
Retained Earnings at Beginning | 500000 |
Net Income of Year | 200000 |
Dividend Paid | 50000 |
Accu. Other Comprehensive Income | 10000 |
Stockholders Equity Statement Format
Below is the format of the stockholder's equity statement
Calculation of Additional Paid-in Capital of Common Stock
- =50000*40
- =2000000
Calculation of Additional Paid-in Capital of Preferred Stock
- =20000*20
- =400000
Conclusion
Stockholders’ equity statements form part of the balance sheet in the financial statements. The three main events which impact the equity of the business are changes in the share capital either by the issue of shares or by selling or repurchasing, changes in retained earnings which are influenced by current period profit or loss, and the dividend payout; and the movement of other comprehensive income.
Users of financial statements can understand the movement of equity value. It helps to understand the business's performance, financial health, and the company's decisions in terms of share capital, dividend, etc.
Shareholders’ equity can either be positive or negative. If it is positive, it indicates that the company's assets are more than its liabilities. If negative, it indicates that the liabilities are more than its assets. Negativity may arise due to buyback of shares; Writedowns, and Continuous losses. If the negativity continues for longer, the company may go insolvent due to poor financial health.
Financial health can be understood by analyzing the statement of equity as it gives a broad picture of the performance.
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