Formula of Shrinkage Calculation (Table of Contents)
What is Shrinkage Formula?
The shrinkage comes into play when there is a substantial difference in the number of items mentioned in the book of accounts than as present physical. Considering the case of inventory valuation, shrinkage is defined as the difference between the value of inventory mentioned in the book of accounts and the value of inventory that actually exists physically.
- If there is a discrepancy or shrinkage of any item in the book of accounts, then it normally considered as an act of fraud or theft or an accounting error.
- The inventory shrinkage is very common in terms of a retail and manufacturing business. Inventory shrinkage can result in business or inventory value loss. The business should be very critical in monitoring how the inventory is managed on a day to day basis.
- The inventory shrinkage formula is represented as below:
- The inventory in the book of accounts formula is represented as follows:
- Similarly, from the above relationship, it is easy to derive the shrinkage rates observed in the levels of the inventory. The shrinkage rate formula is represented as below:
Explanation of Shrinkage Formula
The formula for shrinkage value and shrinkage rate can be calculated by using the following steps:
- Step 1: Firstly, Determine the value of beginning levels of the inventory.
- Step 2: Next, determine the costs on adjustments if any on the inventory levels.
- Step 3: Next, Determine the purchases made by the business for the financial year.
- Step 4: Next, Record the sales made by the business for the financial year.
- Step 5: Next, Add the beginning value of inventory and the purchases as recorded by the business.
- Step 6: Next, deduct the resulting value in step 5 from the sales achieved by the business and corresponding adjustments in inventory levels to arrive at the book value of inventory.
- Step 7: Next, deduct the actual value of the inventory from the book value of the inventory to arrive at the shrinkage value.
- Step 8: Next, divide the shrinkage value determined in step 7 to the actual value of inventory to determine the shrinkage rate.
Examples of Shrinkage Formula (with Excel Template)
Let’s see some simple to advanced examples of shrinkage formula to understand it better.
Shrinkage Formula Example #1
Let us take the example of a manufacturing business that had reported $30,000 as the final inventory value as per the book of accounts. However, the accountant observed that the business has $28,000 worth of finished products. Help the top management of the business to determine the overall shrinkage in the inventory.
Solution:
Use the given data for the calculation of shrinkage value.
Calculation of shrinkage value can be done as follows:
Determine the value of shrinkage as displayed below:
Shrinkage Value = $30,000 – $28,000
Shrinkage Value will be –
Shrinkage Value = $2,000
Therefore, the manufacturing business has an inventory loss of $2,000 due to the shrinkage reported between the book of account and the actual value.
Shrinkage Formula Example #2
Let us take the example of a manufacturing business that had reported $50,000 as the final inventory value as per the book of accounts. However, the accountant observed that the business has $37,000 worth of finished products. Help the top management of the business to determine the overall shrinkage and the rate of shrinkage in the inventory.
Solution:
Use the given data for the calculation of shrinkage value.
Calculation of shrinkage value can be done as follows:
Determine the value of shrinkage as displayed below:
Shrinkage Value = $50,000 – $37,000
Shrinkage Value will be –
Shrinkage Value = $13,000
Calculation of shrinkage rate can be done as follows:
Shrinkage Rate = $13,000 / $37,000
Shrinkage Rate will be –
Shrinkage Rate = 35.14%
Therefore, the manufacturing business has an inventory loss of $13,000 due to the shrinkage reported between the book of account and the actual value. This further accounted for shrinkage rate by 35.14% which is very high value. The management, therefore, has to investigate whether the shrinkage is due to theft or accounting error.
Shrinkage Formula Example #3
Let us take the example of a manufacturing business that had reported $50,000 as the beginning inventory value as per the book of accounts. The business made a purchase of $20,000 through the financial year and achieved sales of $30,000 for the financial year. It additionally made adjustments in inventory levels by $2,000.
However, the accountant observed that the business has $37,000 worth of finished products. Help the top management of the business to determine the overall shrinkage and the rate of shrinkage in the inventory.
Solution:
Use the given data for the calculation of shrinkage value.
Calculation of Inventory on Book can be done as follows:
Inventory in the book of Accounts = $50,000 + $20,000 – $30,000 – $2,000
Inventory in the book of Accounts will be –
Inventory in Book of Accounts = $38,000
Calculation of shrinkage value can be done as follows:
Shrinkage Value = $38,000 – $37,000
Shrinkage Value will be –
Shrinkage Value = $1,000
Calculation of shrinkage rate can be done as follows:
Shrinkage Rate = $1,000 / $37,000
Shrinkage Rate will be –
Shrinkage Rate = 2.70%
Therefore, the manufacturing business has an inventory loss of $1,000 due to the shrinkage reported between the book of account and the actual value. The shrinkage rate is comparatively low at 2.70% and hence this shrinkage may be due to accounting error while reporting the values in the book of accounts.
Relevance and Uses
It is very critical for the accountants and the audit experts to monitor the physical inventory levels. Further, it has to be compared with the inventory levels as mentioned in the book of accounts. Once the value is determined, the shrinkage if any arising out of the comparison should be noted and be reported to the top management.
The determination of the shrinkage levels helps in better control over the inventory maintained. An inventory shrinkage may be a result of direct theft which may have been done by either employee, vendors or the customers.
Inventory shrinkage may also arise due to errors made by the accountants while performing inventory valuation and hence it could be inferred that the shrinkage determination indirectly helps in the controlling aspect of how the shrinkage is managed on day to day basis.
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