What are Fully Depreciated Assets?
Fully depreciated assets mean that the assets can no longer be depreciated for accounting or tax purposes and the value of the asset that remains is of the salvage value. This implies that the entire depreciation is been provided in the accumulated depreciation account. Although they have been fully depreciated either by SLM or WDM Method taking into account the useful life of the asset, they continue to be a part of the balance sheet unless they are sold or destroyed.
- An asset can become fully depreciated due to two reasons:
- The useful life of the asset has been expired.
- The asset has been hit by an impairment charge which is equal to the original cost of the asset.
- In the balance sheet, if the accumulated depreciation on the liability side equals the original cost of the asset, it means the asset has been depreciated fully and no further depreciation can be provided and charge to the profit & loss account as an expense.
Accounting for Fully Depreciated Assets
The statutory accounting bodies have laid down guidelines and accounting standards to be followed for an accounting of depreciation and fully depreciated assets. Globally as per the recent implementation of the IFRS, it will be mandatory for all the companies to prepare their financials as per the IFRS rules and regulations.
- IAS 16 and IAS 36 are the accounting standards to be followed with regards to the property, plant & machinery & impairment of the assets.
- The company also has to disclose the same in the notes to accounts regarding the treatment given to a fully depreciated asset.
1) If the Asset has been Fully Depreciated
Since assets are the major components of the business, the full depreciation charged on them may have a significant impact on the financial statements of the company.
- A fully depreciated asset continues to form the part of the balance sheet along with the accumulated depreciation reported on the liability side of the balance sheet.
- This has an impact on the income statement as well since a major portion of depreciation on the fully depreciated assets will not be recorded as expense resulting in an increase in the profits.
- Below is the presentation in the balance sheet for a fully depreciated asset:
2) If the Asset has been Sold
If the fully depreciated asset has been sold, the entire accumulated depreciation will be written off against the asset and no impact will be given in the p&l statement since the total depreciation has already been recorded. The gain arising on the sale will be credited to p&l a/c has gained on sale of assets.
Examples of Fully Depreciated Assets
Examples of fully depreciated assets along with the accounting treatment:
Example #1
ABC limited buys machinery worth $ 2,00,000 on 01.01.2019 and depreciates the same on a slm basis for 10 years assuming there will not be any salvage value at the end of the term.
Solution:
In this case, ABC limited will record $20,000 per year as depreciation expense and credit the same to accumulated depreciation a/c. Below mentioned are the depreciation journal Entries ABC limited needs to pass in their books along with the necessary disclosure and presentation in the balance sheet.
- Journal entry every year for the next 10 years:
- Journal entry at the end of term:
Example #2
Let’s assume that a company purchased a building at a cost of $10,00,000. The company then depreciated the building at a rate of $200,000 per year for 5 years. The current market value of the building is $ 50,00,000.
Solution:
The company will have to record $2,00,000 as depreciation expense by debiting the p&l a/c and crediting the accumulated depreciation a/c for 5 years. at the end of 5th year, the company’s current balance sheet will report the building at its cost of $1000,000 minus its accumulated depreciation of $10,00,000 (book value of $0) even if the building’s current market value is $50,00,000.
- The reason for such accounting is because the company continues to use the building for its business operations and would continue to generate benefit for the company in the long term. Unless the company capitalizes any further cost which will improve the structure, no further depreciation would be allowed to be charged to the asset and will be reported in this manner only at each balance sheet reporting date.
- If the company plans to sell out the building at the current market value, the entire accumulated depreciation would be written-off against the building & the gain on the sale of assets will be credited to profit & loss a/c as “ gain on sale of assets” thus inflating the current years profit by the gain amount.
- Post this sale, the building will not be reflected in the balance sheet since the same has been sold to a 3rd party.
Conclusion
Thus there are rules and procedures laid down by the accounting bodies of every country to follow the accounting treatment for the fully depreciable assets so that all the companies are comparable to each other. The auditor of the company is required to give an opinion on the true & fairness of the company along with whether all the accounting policies laid down by the statutory bodies are been followed by the company or not.
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