OIBDA (Formula, Examples, Calculations)

What is OIBDA?

OIBDA is operating income before depreciation and amortization. It is calculated by adding depreciation and amortization to operating income (excluding non-recurring items). Companies in their fillings do not generally report it as it is a non-GAAP measure.

The companies use operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization to give a clearer picture of the profitability in continuing business activities without considering the effects of capitalization and tax structure.
Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization acts as the proxy for cash generated irrespective of its capital structure and taxes and excludes non-operating expenses like tax deductions, long-term capital investmentsCapital Investments Capital Investment refers to any investments made into the business with the objective of enhancing the operations. It could be long term acquisition by the business such as real estates, machinery, industries, etc.read more in equipment, and intangible assets like the trademark.

What is OIBDA?

OIBDA, or Operating Income Before Depreciation and Amortization, is a non-GAAP measure used to calculate operating income by adding depreciation and amortization back to it, excluding non-recurring items. Companies often don’t report it in their financial filings.
OIBDA is a substitute for cash a company generates, irrespective of its capital structure and taxes. It omits non-operating expenses like tax deductions and long-term capital investments in equipment and intangible assets, such as trademarks.
A higher OIBDA is significant for a company seeking to impress its stockholders, as it indicates strong operating performance without the impact of certain non-operating factors.

Calculate OIBDA – Colgate Example

Let us now calculate the OIBDA of Colgate. Below is the snapshot of Colgate’s Income Statement –

source: Colgate SEC Filings

Below are the steps for calculation of OIBDA –

Find the Operating Profit as per the Income Statement

Operating Profit as per the Income Statement is as per below
Operating Profit (2017) = $3,589 million
Operating Profit (2016) = $3,837 million
Operating Profit (2015) = $2,789 million
Find the Non-Recurring Charges included in the Income Statement

The income statement of Colgate contains two types of non-recurring itemsTypes Of Non-recurring Items Non-recurring items are income statement entries that are unusual and unexpected during regular business operations; examples include profits or losses from sale of asset, impairment costs, restructuring costs, and losses in lawsuits, and inventory write-off.read more
– Charge for Venezuela accounting change is a non-recurring item.
– Other expenseOther Expense Other expenses comprise all the non-operating costs incurred for the supporting business operations. Such payments like rent, insurance and taxes have no direct connection with the mainstream business activities.read more also contains some of the non-recurring charges

source: Colgate SEC Filings

In the above table, only the amortization of intangible assetsAmortization Of Intangible Assets Amortization of Intangible Assets refers to the method by which the cost of the company's various intangible assets (such as trademarks, goodwill, and patents) is expensed over a specific time period. This time frame is typically the expected life of the asset.read more is a recurring charge. All others included in the table are non-recurring in nature.

Non Recurring Charges (2017) = $169 – $11 + $1 = $159 million
Non Recurring Charges (2016) = $105 – $97 + $17 – $10 – $11 = $4 million
Non Recurring Charges (2015) = $1084 (venezuela charges) + $170 + $14 + $34 – $187 – $8 + $6 = $1113 million
Find Operating Profit (excluding the non recurring charges)

Operating Profit, excluding non recurring charges (2017) = $3,589 + $159 = $3,748 million
Operating Profit, excluding non recurring charges(2016) = $3,837 +u00a0$4 = $3,841 million
Operating Profit,excluding non recurring charges (2015) = $2,789 + $1,113 = $3,902 million
Find Depreciation and Amortization

source: Colgate SEC Filings

From the cash flow statementsCash Flow Statements A Statement of Cash Flow is an accounting document that tracks the incoming and outgoing cash and cash equivalents from a business.read more, we have the following
Depreciation and Amortization (2017) = $475 million
Depreciation and Amortization (2016) = $443 million
Depreciation and Amortization (2016) = $449 million
Calculate OIBDA using the Formula

OIBDA Formula = Operating Income (net of non recurring items) + Depreciation + Amortization
OIBDA (2017) =u00a0$3,748 +u00a0$475 = $4223 million
OIBDA (2016) = $3,841 + $443 = $4223 million
OIBDA (2015) = $3,902 + $449 = $4,351 million

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OIBDA vs EBITDA – Colgate Example

Though OIBDA vs. EBITDA is similar in many ways, they will differ by other non-operating expensesOther Non-operating Expenses Non operating expenses are those payments which have no relation with the principal business activities. These are the non-recurring items that appear in the company's income statement, along with the regular business expenses.read more.during the calculation. In the absence of non-operating and non-financial income and expenses, both OIBDA vs. EBITDA will be the same.

Please see below the calculation of EBITDA of Colgate for 2015, 2016, and 2017.

Now see the calculation of OIBDA that excludes all the nonrecurring items.

In most cases, non-operating income and expenses are non-recurring, and it is normal not to include those in financial calculations done by Financial Analysts. So OIBDA is more accurate than EBITDAEBITDA EBITDA refers to earnings of the business before deducting interest expense, tax expense, depreciation and amortization expenses, and is used to see the actual business earnings and performance-based only from the core operations of the business, as well as to compare the business's performance with that of its competitors.read more.

Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization Explained in Detail

Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization is gaining popularity as companies are not interested in using earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA).
Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization does not consider the non-operating income, which is an advantage because non-operating income usually does not happen year after year. Its marking makes sure that all the income reflects only the income from regular operations.
Since all valuation methods start with DCFDCF Discounted cash flow analysis is a method of analyzing the present value of a company, investment, or cash flow by adjusting future cash flows to the time value of money. This analysis assesses the present fair value of assets, projects, or companies by taking into account many factors such as inflation, risk, and cost of capital, as well as analyzing the company's future performance.read more,Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization is an important part of the detailed financial analysis. A close eye is kept on the changes and patterns in this metric, as that can be a signal of changes in core operations.
The depreciation and amortization are added to the operating income since depreciation and amortization are typically included.
Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization measures income exclusive of the effects of a company’s capital spending choices. It also does not show the cash used for debt services, distributions, or other operating expensesOperating Expenses Operating expense (OPEX) is the cost incurred in the normal course of business and does not include expenses directly related to product manufacturing or service delivery. Therefore, they are readily available in the income statement and help to determine the net profit.read more that are non-core. With the help of Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization, the investors get a better understanding of the efficiency of a company’s operations.

Advantages of OIBDA

Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization figures are generally higher and, in some cases, significantly higher than the earnings figure calculated by any otheraccounting methodAccounting Method Accounting methods define the set of rules and procedure that an organization must adhere to while recording the business revenue and expenditure. Cash accounting and accrual accounting are the two significant accounting methods.read more.
Operating Income before DepreciationDepreciation Depreciation is a systematic allocation method used to account for the costs of any physical or tangible asset throughout its useful life. Its value indicates how much of an asset’s worth has been utilized. Depreciation enables companies to generate revenue from their assets while only charging a fraction of the cost of the asset in use each year. read more and Amortization considers all the operating expenses that are parts of daily operations, such as the salary of employees, raw material costs, employee benefits, pension contributions, and shipping fees. The OIBDA calculation disregards non-operating expenses like tax deductions, long-term capital investments in equipment, and intangible assetsIntangible Assets Intangible Assets are the identifiable assets which do not have a physical existence, i.e., you can't touch them, like goodwill, patents, copyrights, & franchise etc. They are considered as long-term or long-living assets as the Company utilizes them for over a year. read more like the trademark.
Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization gives a high earnings figure, which is desirable for the stockholdersThe Stockholders A stockholder is a person, company, or institution who owns one or more shares of a company. They are the company's owners, but their liability is limited to the value of their shares.read more and investors.
By reporting earnings with Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization for the business entity does not have to consider non-operating expenditures like a long-term investment in equipment, tax deductions, and investments in intangible assets.

Disadvantages of OIBDA

Calculations are quite complex.
Since it is a non-GAAP method, non-standard earnings calculations are done, which may get creative at times. Distinctions between expenses can get blurred, like extraordinary and recurring expenses.
Since Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization is a non-GAAP method, there are no specific standards regarding what to include in its calculation. So multiple earnings calculation methods should be used instead.

Conclusion

Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization is an important measure to gauge cash generated by a firm irrespective of taxes and capital structure. That’s why it can be used as a tool to design mergers and acquisitions and restructuringRestructuring Restructuring is defined as actions an organization takes when facing difficulties due to wrong management decisions or changes in demographic conditions. Therefore, tries to align its business with the current profitable trend by a) restructuring its finances by debt issuance/closures, issuance of new equities, selling assets, or b) organizational restructuring, which includes shifting locations, layoffs, etc.read more. This measure can be used effectively to calculate a company’s total enterprise valueTotal Enterprise Value Enterprise value (EV) is the corporate valuation of a company, determined by using market capitalization and total debt.read more. If a company wants to please its stockholders, then the higher value of Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization is very important.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the relevance of OIBDA?

OIBDA, which stands for Operating Income Before Depreciation and Amortization, is relevant because it provides a clearer view of a company’s operating performance by excluding non-cash expenses like depreciation and amortization. It helps investors and analysts assess a company’s core operating profitability, allowing for better comparisons between businesses regardless of their accounting methods or capital structures.

2. What are the applications of OIBDA?

OIBDA is commonly used in:
Investment Analysis
Industry Comparisons
Mergers and Acquisitions

3. What is OIBDA vs. net income?

OIBDA and net income differ in their scope and the expenses they include. OIBDA represents Operating Income Before Depreciation and Amortization, excluding non-cash expenses, such as depreciation and amortization, and other non-operating items like interest and taxes. It focuses solely on a company’s core operating performance. Net income, on the other hand, represents the bottom-line profit after accounting for all expenses, including non-operating items like interest, taxes, and non-cash expenses.

OIBDA

What is OIBDA?

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